免疫学大爆炸之前：肠道菌群如何影响疫苗反应

The nature of the gut microbiome before vaccination influences later inflammatory reactions and fever Bali Pulendran Cosmologists have long wondered what, if anything, existed before the Big Bang. Immunologists face a more tractable version of this question. Vaccination or infection can trigger an immunological Big Bang—a cascade of molecular and cellular events that unfolds over days, weeks, and months, culminating in the establishment of antigen-specific memory lymphocytes within specialized microenvironments in the bone marrow and other tissues. Unlike cosmologists, however, immunologists can peer into the moments before their Big Bang. Increasingly, they are asking how the baseline state of the immune system—the immunological "initial conditions" that exist before vaccination or infection—shapes the immune response that follows (immunogenicity). …