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《科学》 2026年10月8日 · 中文解读

铀立方体揭示:纳粹德国无望造出原子弹

Nazi Germany had no hope of making an atomic bomb, uranium cubes reveal · RICHARD STONE
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美国马里兰大学材料科学家蒂莫西·科斯等人通过测量幸存的纳粹铀立方体、查阅档案并进行计算机模拟,发现德国B8实验反应堆即使汇集全部铀和重水储备也无法实现链式反应。模拟显示达到临界需要约3.1吨铀和3.5吨重水,而B8仅有约1.5吨,这些需求超出作者对全德铀立方体库存估计的约20%、对重水库存估计的约80%。这一发表于《PNAS Nexus》的研究推翻了海森堡战后关于只差少量铀的说法。
原文开头
Experimental reactor needed much more uranium and heavy water than the country could muster RICHARD STONE One morning in August 2013, Timothy Koeth was out for a jog on the University of Maryland (UMD) campus in College Park when the university’s radiation safety officer called and asked to see him urgently. The materials scientist, “all sweaty and out of breath,” he recalls, met the officer in a parking lot, where she opened her car’s trunk and produced a lunch bag. Inside, nestled in paper towels, was a gray cube, 5 centimeters wide and startlingly dense. “She says, ‘Do you know what this is?’ …
摘自《科学》(Science)2026年10月8日,RICHARD STONE。仅引用开头一小段供了解文章,版权归原刊所有,全文请阅读原刊。
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