细胞向列弹性体的引导：可编程形状的活体表面

Pau Guillamat1*, Waleed Mirza2,3†, Pradeep K. Bal3†, Manuel Gómez-González1, Pere Roca-Cusachs1,4, Marino Arroyo3,1,5*, Xavier Trepat1,6,7* Engineering living materials that autonomously morph into predetermined shapes holds potential for synthetic morphogenesis and soft robotics. Harnessing cellular tissues to self-organize and generate forces offers a promising route toward this goal. However, controlling tissue mechanics to direct morphogenesis remains challenging. We introduce a strategy to program tissue-shape transformations through nematic organization of cellular forces. By controlling nematic order and topological defects, we generate tissues programmed with specific stress fields. Using a theoretical framework coupling contractile nematics with thin-sheet mechanics, we show that nematically guided active stresses can drive morphogenesis through Gaussian morphing. Experimentally, detachment of nematic tissues triggers out-of-plane deformations, generating reproducible three-dimensional shapes. …