Elon Musk says artificial intelligence could bring widespread prosperity and better healthcare, while changing the work people do. Speaking after a White House meeting with technology executives on September 29, he described a future in which AI and robotics expand access to goods and services. “Jobs are going to change,” he said. That forecast raises a practical question for anyone earning a living: how does a machine’s ability to produce more translate into better employment, higher incomes or more affordable care? Research already offers some answers. AI can improve performance in particular tasks, especially when it helps less experienced employees draw on established knowledge. …