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《科学美国人》 第334卷 第6期 · 2026年6月刊 · 中文解读

18世纪桥梁谜题的解答催生了两门新数学分支

Math: The solution to an 18th-century travel puzzle created two new branches of math · Jack Murtagh
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这篇讲什么
本文讲述了柯尼斯堡七桥问题的历史,以及欧拉如何通过抽象化方法解决该问题,并在此过程中开创了图论和拓扑学两个数学分支。
原文开头
A Bridge-Crossing Puzzle Led to New Math Are you smarter than an 18th-century Prussian? BY JACK MURTAGH DURING THE 18TH CENTURY the denizens of the Prussian city of Königsberg wrestled with a puzzle: How could they find a walking path through the city that crossed each of its storied seven bridges exactly once? The bridges spanned a river containing two large islands. No matter how people strategized their routes, they couldn’t avoid repeating a bridge. The problem stymied local thinkers, who eventually wrote a letter to well-known Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (pronounced “oiler”) begging him to lay their curiosity to rest. Euler responded dismissively, claiming the problem had “little relationship to mathematics.” …
摘自《科学美国人》(Scientific American)第334卷 第6期 · 2026年6月刊,Jack Murtagh。仅引用开头一小段供了解文章,版权归原刊所有,全文请阅读原刊。
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