无序生态网络的稳定性：异质性如何促进物种共存

multispecies population dynamics, particularly the generalized Lotka-Volterra (LV) model, have shown that structural heterogeneity in interaction networks can either inhibit or promote coexistence, depending on whether the interactions are excitatory or inhibitory (12, 59–64). For example, mutualistic ecological networks often exhibit modular, highly connected structures that promote coexistence, whereas antagonistic interactions typically stabilize weakly coupled communities (65). Here, we applied our framework to this ecological context and showed that disorder—now arising from irregular connectivity patterns, including (weighted and signed) degree heterogeneity and interaction asymmetry—often increases the robustness of ecosystems against perturbations. …