红海面临累积性压力威胁

The Red Sea is a semi-enclosed marine basin of exceptional ecological value, supporting coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrass meadows that underpin biodiversity, fisheries, and coastal protection (1). However, the very physical characteristics that contribute to its ecological dis- tinctiveness—restricted circulation and limited water exchange—also increase the persistence of local stressors. Rapid coastal development across the basin further intensifies these pressures, and basin-wide environmental assessments remain uneven and fragmented (2). Where data exist, they reveal a consistent signal of widespread anthropogenic contamination in the Red Sea. Sediment microplastic concentrations span more than an order of magnitude, from 23.3 ± 15.3 to 930.0 ± 181.9 microplastics per kilogram dry weight, includ- ing in areas often perceived as remote (3). …