姆潘巴效应进入量子领域

Quirk of freezing water found on atomic scales, hinting at technological applications O ne afternoon in 1963, 13-year-old Erasto Mpemba was making ice cream at Magamba Secondary School in Tanzania. In a hurry to claim space in the freezer, he stuck in his slurry of milk and sugar while it was still piping hot—unlike his classmates, who had left their batches out to cool beforehand. Yet, in an event that would shape the course of modern physics, Mpemba found that his ice cream froze first. Mpemba later repeated the experiment with water and kept asking his teachers why hot liquids froze faster than cold ones, but they brushed him off. …