罗伯特·麦克法兰访谈：河流的权利

An investigation into the rights of nature BY ANDREA GAWRYLEWSKI N 2008 ECUADOR RATIFIED a new constitution with a radical addition. In the first national declaration of its kind, articles 71 to 74 of the document granted rights to nature, recognizing Pacha Mama, or Mother Earth, as a living entity with the rights to exist, persist and be restored when damaged. In his latest book, Is a River Alive?, nature writer Robert Macfarlane travels to three different rivers (in Ecuador, India and eastern Canada) to examine the question of a river’s sovereignty. He documents the ways that rivers serve as the hearts of dynamic ecosystems and how people are beginning to take notice and protect them. …