二战与美国联邦科研经费的演变

Many fundamental innovation policies were developed during World War II that persist in some form to this day Daniel P. Gross1,2 and Bhaven N. Sampat2,3 I n its first 150 years (1789–1939), the US government provided rela- tively little funding for extramural research, with the exception of agriculture. This changed with World War II (WWII). Anticipa- tion of entry into the conflict made a wide range of military tech- nological problems urgent national priorities. Confronting this challenge, in 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt created a National Defense Research Committee—later subsumed into the Office of Scien- tific Research and Development (OSRD)—to mobilize civilian science and technology for war. …