将气候科学转化为法律标准：Milieudefensie诉壳牌案的启示

Courts struggle with applying results of integrated assessment models to individual companies Simon Dietz1, Joana Setzer2, Catherine Higham2, Tiffanie Chan2, Noah Walker-Crawford2, Frank Venmans2 A s the world struggles to meet the Paris Agreement’s temper- ature goals, climate litigation has become a powerful tool. The case Milieudefensie v. Shell (“the Milieudefensie case”) stands out not only for its ambitious claims and the initial landmark ruling by the Hague District Court, but also be- cause its 2024 appeal judgment raises important questions about the future of corporate climate accountability. A central issue emerging from the ruling is that courts, despite having applied the results of in- tegrated assessment models (IAMs) to governments, appear to struggle with applying them to individual companies. …