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Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation is constitutive across brain regions Wendy Macklin and Tessa Allen Myelination is an essential element of mammalian brain development and function. In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes ensheathe axons with myelin, a protective layer of proteins and lipids that optimizes neuronal firing and provides trophic and metabolic support for neurons. Forming a myelin sheath involves the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which are abundant throughout the CNS, into mature oligodendrocytes. Understanding this process during development and aging, and in the context of myelin damage and inflammation, could inform the development of treatments for injury and disease. On page 368 of this issue, Mironova et al. …